Menopause

What is Menopause?

Menopause refers to the time when women stop having periods completely due to the decline of reproductive hormones, primarily estrogen and progesterone. It is officially diagnosed after 12 consecutive months without a menstrual period. The typical age for menopause is between 45 and 55, although it can occur earlier or later. While a natural process, it brings its own set of challenges and symptoms. While it is natural, it comes with its own set of challenges and symptoms.

Diagnosis and Testing

Although menopause is usually diagnosed based on the absence of menstruation for 12 consecutive months, but certain tests may be used to confirm the transition, especially in women who experience symptoms at an earlier age. Diagnosis can involve:

• Hormone levels: Blood tests may check levels of follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) and estradiol to assess reproductive hormone production.
• Thyroid function tests: To rule out thyroid disorders, which can mimic menopausal symptoms.
• Bone density tests: To evaluate the risk of osteoporosis, particularly for postmenopausal women at higher risk for fractures.

Transition to Menopause (Perimenopause)

Before entering menopause, women go through perimenopause, the transition phase that can last several years. During this stage, the ovaries produce less estrogen, leading to irregular periods and the onset of menopausal symptoms. Some of the most common symptoms during perimenopause include:

• Hot flashes and night sweats: Sudden heat in the upper body, often accompanied by sweating and redness.
• Mood swings: Fluctuating hormone levels can lead to anxiety, irritability, or depression.
• Sleep disturbances: Insomnia or poor-quality sleep often linked to night sweats.
• Irregular periods: Cycles become unpredictable, longer, or shorter.
• Vaginal dryness: Reduced estrogen can cause dryness, discomfort, or pain during intercourse.

While some take it lightly, it is important to know that the hormonal changes occur during the menopause period can have long-term effects on woman’s body:

• Bone Health
• Cardiovascular Health
• Weight Gain
• Urogenital Issues

Menopause Hormone Therapy (MHT)

Menopause Hormone Therapy (MHT) is a widely discussed treatment for menopausal symptoms. It involves supplementing the body with estrogen (and sometimes progesterone) to relieve symptoms like hot flashes, night sweats, and vaginal dryness. MHT can also help prevent bone loss and reduce fracture. However, it’s essential to discuss the risks and benefits with a healthcare provider, as MHT may not be suitable for everyone. Women with a history of certain cancers, heart disease, or blood clots should explore alternative options.

Lifestyle Changes

Just like every other disease, it always comes back to one’s lifestyle modification in order to adapt with new conditions. Making healthy lifestyle choices can help manage menopausal symptoms and reduce long-term health risks. Here are some recommendations:

1. Maintaining a healthy weight
2. Stop smoking or vaping
3. Cutting down spicy food and excessive coffee intake
4. Minimising polyunsaturated fats, trans fats, salt, and sugar
5. Minimising alcohol
6. Blood pressure control
7. Regular exercise 5 days a week; 30 minutes each time
8. Sleeping soundly for 6-9 hours every night
9. Stress reduction
10. Support group programs (in particular spousal support)