Main Causes of Chest Pain

Chest pain refers to discomfort or pain in the chest area, which may extend to other parts of the upper body, such as the arms, neck, or jaw. The pain can range from sharp to dull and may feel like tightness, aching, or a crushing or squeezing sensation. 

The duration of chest pain can vary, lasting from a few minutes to several hours, and in some cases, persisting for months. It often becomes worse during physical activity and eases with rest, though it can also occur while resting. The pain may be localised to a specific spot or felt across a broader area, including the left side, center, or right side of the chest. It is crucial to seek medical attention for chest pain, as it could signal a heart attack or another serious health issue.

What are the Main Causes of Chest Pain?

Chest pain is a common symptom that can arise from various medical conditions, ranging from mild to life-threatening. 

Cardiac Causes

• Angina: Occurs when the heart muscles do not receive enough oxygen-rich blood, often due to narrowed arteries.
• Heart Attack (Myocardial Infarction): Results from a blockage in the blood supply to the heart, causing severe chest pain and other symptoms like shortness of breath and nausea.
  

Non-Cardiac Causes

• Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease (GERD): Acid reflux can mimic chest pain, often mistaken for heart-related issues.
• Musculoskeletal Disorders: Strained chest muscles or rib inflammation can cause localised pain.
• Pulmonary Issues: Conditions like pneumonia, pulmonary embolism, or pleuritis can lead to sharp chest pain, especially when breathing deeply.
• Anxiety and Panic Attacks: Often accompanied by rapid heartbeat, sweating, and a feeling of tightness in the chest.

Chest pain can stem from various causes, both cardiac and non-cardiac. Cardiac issues include angina, caused by reduced blood flow to the heart, and heart attacks, marked by severe pain and symptoms like nausea. Non-cardiac causes include GERD, musculoskeletal problems like strained chest muscles, pulmonary conditions such as pneumonia or embolism, and anxiety or panic attacks, often accompanied by a rapid heartbeat and chest tightness.

Could Chest Pain be a Cause of Heart Problems?

Chest pain is a hallmark symptom of many heart-related conditions. It is vital to recognise the characteristics of cardiac-related chest pain to act promptly:

• A sensation of pressure, fullness, or squeezing in the chest.
• Pain radiating to the arms, neck, jaw, or back.
• Accompanied by shortness of breath, cold sweats, or lightheadedness.

If chest pain is sudden and severe, or if it occurs during physical exertion, it is essential to seek immediate medical attention at Pantai Hospitals, where there are many certified heart specialists. Early intervention in cases of heart attack or unstable angina can save lives.

How to Identify Heart Problems Before It Becomes Serious

Early detection of heart problems can prevent complications. Recognise the warning signs and consider regular checkups for heart health:

Recognising Symptoms:

• Persistent chest pain, even at rest.
• Fatigue and weakness without obvious reasons.
• Rapid or irregular heartbeat (palpitations).
• Swelling in the legs, ankles, or feet.

Risk Factors to Monitor:

• High blood pressure, diabetes, high cholesterol.
• Family history of heart disease.
• Smoking, obesity, and a sedentary lifestyle.

Diagnostic Tests:

• Electrocardiogram (ECG): Detects abnormalities in heart rhythm.
• Blood Tests: Measures cardiac biomarkers.
• Stress Test: Evaluates how your heart performs under physical exertion.

What Practices to Prevent Heart Problems?

Maintaining a heart-healthy lifestyle can significantly reduce the risk of heart disease.

Adopt a Heart-Healthy Diet:

• Prioritise whole grains, fruits, vegetables, lean proteins, and healthy fats.
• Reduce intake of saturated fats, trans fats, and added sugars.
• Limit sodium to lower blood pressure (American Heart Association, 2021).

Stay Physically Active:

• Engage in at least 150 minutes of moderate-intensity aerobic exercise weekly.
• Include strength training exercises twice a week.

Quit Smoking:

• Smoking damages blood vessels and accelerates plaque buildup.
• Seek support programs or nicotine replacement therapy to quit effectively.

Manage Stress:

• Practice relaxation techniques like yoga, meditation, or deep breathing.
• Avoid chronic stressors and maintain a work-life balance.

Regular Health Checkups:

• Monitor blood pressure, cholesterol levels, and blood sugar regularly.
• Discuss any family history of heart disease with your doctor.

Maintain a Healthy Weight:

• Aim for a Body Mass Index (BMI) within the recommended range.
• Focus on gradual, sustainable weight loss if overweight.

Limit Alcohol Consumption:

• Excessive alcohol can raise blood pressure and triglyceride levels.
• Stick to moderate drinking guidelines: up to one drink per day for women and two for men (Centres for Disease Control and Prevention, 2023).

Get Adequate Sleep:

• Adults should aim for 7-9 hours of quality sleep per night.
• Poor sleep patterns can lead to hypertension and other cardiovascular risks.

Book an Appointment at Pantai Hospitals

Chest pain should never be ignored, as it could signal a serious heart issue. Early detection is key to preventing heart disease, and regular checkups are essential for maintaining heart health. If you are experiencing persistent or severe chest pain, do not wait to consult a professional immediately. Book an appointment today via our website and get the expert care you deserve. You may also book an appointment by downloading the MyHealth360 application from Google Play Store or Apple App Store. 

Pantai Hospitals have been accredited by the Malaysian Society for Quality in Health (MSQH) for its commitment to patient safety and service quality.