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What is a Miscarriage?
A miscarriage, medically known as spontaneous abortion, is defined as the loss of a pregnancy before the 20th week. It is a relatively common occurrence, affecting 10-20% of known pregnancies. Most miscarriages happen during the first trimester, with chromosomal abnormalities being the leading cause. These abnormalities occur when the embryo inherits incorrect or incomplete genetic material, which prevents normal development.
While the experience of a miscarriage can be sudden and distressing, understanding its medical basis can provide clarity. Symptoms such as spotting, cramping, or the sudden absence of pregnancy-related symptoms may indicate a miscarriage. However, it is important to note that not all cases of spotting result in pregnancy loss. Consulting a healthcare provider is essential for accurate diagnosis and guidance.
What Are the Main Causes of Miscarriages?
Miscarriages can occur for various reasons, often involving a combination of genetic, medical, and environmental factors. The most common causes include:
- Chromosomal abnormalities: These account for about 50% of first-trimester miscarriages. Such abnormalities happen when the embryo inherits incorrect genetic material, which hinders proper development.
- Hormonal imbalances: Conditions like polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) can disrupt the uterine environment, making it difficult for a pregnancy to sustain itself.
- Uterine structural issues: Problems such as uterine fibroids, a septate uterus, or scarring can physically prevent the embryo from implanting or developing properly.
- Infections: Certain infections, such as listeria, toxoplasmosis, or rubella, can directly harm fetal development or lead to complications.
- Chronic medical conditions: Uncontrolled conditions like diabetes, lupus, and thyroid disorders can impair fetal development, increasing the likelihood of miscarriage.
- Lifestyle factors: Smoking, excessive alcohol consumption, drug use, and exposure to environmental toxins significantly raise the risk of miscarriage.
Why Do Miscarriages Happen?
The causes of miscarriage vary widely. One of the most common reasons is chromosomal abnormalities, which account for around 50% of first-trimester miscarriages Errors during cell division can result in embryos that cannot develop properly. Hormonal imbalances, such as those seen in conditions like polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS), may increase the risk by preventing the uterine lining from supporting pregnancy. Structural issues in the uterus, including septate uterus, fibroids, or scarring, can also impede fetal development.
Lifestyle and environmental factors, including smoking, alcohol use, and drug abuse, significantly raise the risk of miscarriage High stress levels and exposure to environmental toxins further contribute to these risks. Additionally, certain infections, such as listeria or rubella, and medical conditions like uncontrolled diabetes, lupus, or thyroid issues, can lead to miscarriage by harming fetal development.
How Can Miscarriages Be Prevented?
Prevention is not always possible, particularly for chromosomal issues, but there are steps to minimise other risks:
- Regular medical check-ups: These are crucial for monitoring health and addressing any concerns early during pregnancy.
- Healthier lifestyle habits: Quitting smoking, avoiding alcohol and drugs, and maintaining a balanced diet rich in folic acid, calcium, and iron can significantly reduce risks.
- Stress management: Techniques such as yoga, mindfulness, and counseling can positively impact pregnancy outcomes.
- Managing chronic illnesses: Consulting specialists before and during pregnancy ensures proper care for conditions like diabetes or hypertension.
- Vaccinations: Completing vaccinations like rubella prior to conception helps protect fetal development.
- Good hygiene practices: Reducing exposure to infections through proper hygiene is essential for preventing potential harm to the pregnancy.
Additionally, it is vital to recognise emergency symptoms, such as severe abdominal pain, heavy bleeding or passing large clots, and high fever or chills, and to seek immediate medical attention if they occur.
Book an Appointment at any Pantai Hospitals
The journey to parenthood can be filled with both joy and anxieties. Understanding the complexities of miscarriage, while a sensitive topic, empowers individuals to make informed choices about their health. While some factors are beyond our control, proactive steps like maintaining a healthy lifestyle, undergoing regular check-ups, and seeking emotional support can significantly increase your chances of a successful pregnancy. Pantai Hospitals, with its team of experienced obstetricians and gynecologists, provides comprehensive care throughout your pregnancy journey. From preconception counseling to post-natal support, we are dedicated to guiding you every step of the way. Book an appointment today and let us support you on this incredible chapter of your life. You may also book an appointment by downloading the MyHealth360 application from Google Play Store or Apple App Store.
Pantai Hospitals have been accredited by the Malaysian Society for Quality in Health (MSQH) for its commitment to patient safety and service quality.
