What is an ovary removal surgery (oophorectomy)?

The ovaries are female reproductive glands that produce eggs and hormones that regulate your menstrual cycle.

An ovary removal surgery, also known as oophorectomy, is a surgical procedure that removes one or both of your ovaries. The most common reason for an oophorectomy is to treat a disease (e.g. ovarian cyst) or lower your risk of developing ovarian cancer.

Is ovary removal a major surgery?

That depends on the purpose and type of surgery. For example, if the ovary is removed due to a large tumour, it is considered a major surgery.

On the other hand, if the ovary can be removed with minimally invasive methods and tiny incisions, then it is not regarded as a major surgery.

What are the types of oophorectomies?

There are different types of oophorectomies, which include: 

• Unilateral oophorectomy: Removal of one ovary.
• Bilateral oophorectomy: Removal of both ovaries.
• Salpingo-oophorectomy: Removal of one ovary and fallopian tubes.
• Bilateral salpingo-oophorectomy (BSO): Removal of both ovaries and fallopian tubes.
• Hysterectomy with salpingo-oophorectomy: Removal of the uterus with one ovary and fallopian tube.
• Total abdominal hysterectomy with bilateral salpingo-oophorectomy (TAHBSO): Removal of the uterus, cervix, both fallopian tubes, and both ovaries simultaneously.

Why is ovary removal surgery needed?

An ovary removal surgery may be performed due to several reasons, such as:

• Endometriosis (a condition in which tissue similar to the lining of the uterus grows outside the body).
• Cysts (benign, non-cancerous growths).
• Preventative surgery for individuals who are at a high risk of developing breast and ovarian cancer.
• BRCA gene mutations (genetic abnormalities that may lead to the development of breast or ovarian cancer).
• Ovarian cancer.
• Ovarian torsion (occurs when the ovary twists around its blood supply, resulting in excruciating pain and discomfort).
• Infection of the ovary or the area around it (also known as pelvic inflammatory disease).

What are the benefits of ovary removal surgery?

The benefits of an ovary removal surgery include:

• Able to treat or minimise disease symptoms.
• Helps in preventing ovarian cancer in certain high-risk individuals (e.g. those with a family history of ovarian cancer).

What are the potential risks of ovary removal surgery?

Among the potential risks of an ovary removal surgery are:

• Infection of the surgical site.
• Injury or damage to surrounding structures, e.g. bladder, bowel, or blood vessels.
• Bleeding.
• Allergic reaction to anaesthesia and the equipment or materials used.
• Severe pain.
• Blood clots.
• Infertility.

How is ovary removal surgery performed?

An ovary removal surgery can be performed through these procedures:

• Laparoscopy: Laparoscopic surgery, also known as keyhole surgery, is a less invasive approach in which the surgeon uses a tiny camera to examine the inside of your abdomen. Several small incisions (cuts) on your skin will be made to enable the removal of your ovary. Recovery from a laparoscopic surgery is typically quicker, and the risk of infection is lower.
• Vaginal approach: Vaginal removal of the ovary also involves a lower risk of infection and a speedier recovery.
• Laparotomy: A laparotomy procedure involves making larger incisions into the abdomen. It typically has a longer recovery time and a higher chance of complications compared to the other methods.

How should I prepare for an ovary removal surgery?

Here are the preparations that you can make to get ready for the surgery:

• Review the procedure with your surgeon and go over any instructions for pre-and post-operative care.
• Make sure you are aware of the risks associated with the surgery, the anticipated length of recovery, and how the procedure is performed.
• Undergo the following tests as requested by your surgeon such as:
• Physical examination.
• Blood and urine tests.
• Imaging tests as required by your doctor.
• If you smoke, you should stop smoking before the surgery.

What is the recovery period after an ovary removal surgery?

The recovery period after an ovary removal surgery depends on the type of surgery. You may be able to leave the hospital the same day if your surgeon performs your operation via laparoscopy or a vaginal approach. If you underwent a laparotomy, you will be hospitalised longer.

In general, you can expect to be restricted in your activities for at least two weeks. In the case of a laparotomy procedure, it could take up to a few weeks before you can get back to your routine.

Make an appointment at Pantai Hospitals

Having an ovary removal surgery can feel daunting, particularly if you are still considering having children or worry about menopause and cancer.

It is important to talk to your doctor if you have concerns about the procedure and what to anticipate afterwards. This discussion can help alleviate worries and clarify what to expect during and after the surgery, especially concerning fertility, cancer risk, surgical risks, and emotional support.

A dedicated and expert team of obstetricians and gynaecologists at Pantai Hospital is available for consultation to provide the best care and assistance. Get in touch with us to book an appointment today if you have any concerns or questions regarding oophorectomy.

Please contact the Health Screening Centre at your nearest Pantai Hospital for health screening appointments.

Pantai Hospital has been accredited by the Malaysian Society for Quality in Health (MSQH) for its commitment to patient safety and service quality.