Vulvitis: Causes, Symptoms, Treatment

What Is Vulvitis?

Vulvitis is an inflammation of the vulva (soft folds of skin of the external genitalia). It is common and affects women of all ages.It can be caused by various factors, including infections, irritants, hormonal changes, or skin conditions.

What Is the Difference Between Vulvitis and Vaginitis?

Both vulvitis and vaginitis refer to inflammation of the reproductive parts.

Vulvitis: An inflammation that affects the vulva, which is the outer part of the female external genitalia.
Vaginitis: An inflammation that affects the vagina.
Vulvovaginitis: An inflammation that affects both the vulva and vagina.

What Are the Causes of Vulvitis?

The causes of vulvitis include:

Infections caused by bacteria or fungi, including yeast infection and pubic lice.
Viral infections such as genital herpes infection.
Skin conditions due to an allergy, i.e. contact dermatitis, and other skin conditions that affect the skin such as psoriasis or eczema.
Irritation:

Scented toilet paper, pads or pantyliners.
Perfumed soaps, bubble baths or vaginal sprays that contain harsh ingredients.
Spermicides that may cause an allergic reaction.
Irritation from swimming pool water or hot tub water.
Synthetic underwear that traps moisture.
Activities such as horse riding or cycling.

Is Vulvitis Contagious?

Vulvitis is not contagious. However, several of its causes are. Many bacteria that can cause infections are contagious. On the other hand, vulvitis caused by an allergy or skin irritation is not contagious.

What Are the Symptoms of Vulvitis?

The symptoms of vulvitis may include:

Itching
Soreness
Burning sensation
Abnormal vaginal discharge
Rash, blisters, or sores on the vulvar skin

How Is Vulvitis Diagnosed?

Vulvitis is diagnosed based on your symptoms and a physical examination. Your doctor will look for skin abnormalities such as blisters, lesions, or redness that could point to vulvitis.

Depending on the suspected cause of vulvitis, your doctor may recommend specific tests. This could include:

Urine test
Urine culture
Blood tests
Sexually transmitted infection (STI) tests
Pap smear

How Is Vulvitis Treated?

The treatments for vulvitis are as follows, and they are dependent on the underlying cause:

Avoid irritants and allergens: Avoid using products that may irritate the vulva. Wear loose-fitting, breathable cotton underwear.
Topical medications: Hydrocortisone ointment to reduce irritation and itchiness.
Antibiotics: If vulvitis is caused by a bacterial infection, antibiotics may be prescribed to treat the infection.
Antifungal creams: If vulvitis is caused by a yeast infection, antifungal creams may be recommended.
Symptomatic relief: Over-the-counter treatments such as sitz baths, cold compresses, or topical numbing agents may provide temporary relief from itching, burning, or discomfort associated with vulvitis.

How to Prevent Vulvitis from Recurring?

Vulvitis can be prevented by:

Practice good hygiene

Clean and dry the vulvar area by washing with mild soap and water daily. Avoid using harsh soaps, scented products, and douches, as these can irritate the skin and disrupt the natural balance of bacteria and yeast in the genital area.

Wear breathable clothing

Choose loose-fitting, breathable underwear made of cotton or other natural fibres to allow air circulation and reduce moisture buildup. Avoid tight-fitting clothing and synthetic materials that can trap heat and moisture, creating an ideal environment for yeast and bacteria to thrive.

Avoid irritants

Be mindful of potential irritants that can trigger vulvitis, such as scented soaps, perfumes, bubble baths, and feminine hygiene products. Opt for unscented or hypoallergenic products and avoid using harsh chemicals or abrasive materials in the genital area.

Practice safe sex

If you are sexually active, use condoms to reduce the risk of sexually transmitted infections (STIs) that can cause vulvitis. Practice good sexual hygiene and communicate openly with your partner(s) about STI prevention and sexual health.

Manage underlying conditions

If you have underlying medical conditions such as eczema, psoriasis, or diabetes that increase your risk of vulvitis, work with your doctor to manage these conditions effectively. Follow your treatment plan and attend regular follow-up appointments to monitor your health.

Be mindful of menstrual hygiene

Change tampons or pads frequently during menstruation to prevent moisture buildup and bacterial growth. Consider using unscented menstrual products and avoid wearing panty liners or pads unnecessarily.

Make an Appointment at Pantai Hospitals

Vulvitis is common and can be treated effectively. If you notice any indications of vulvitis, make an appointment with your doctor. Practice good hygiene, wear breathable clothing, and avoid irritants to prevent vulvitis.

A dedicated and expert team of obstetricians and gynaecologists at Pantai Hospital is available for consultation to provide the best care and assistance. Get in touch with us to book an appointment today if you have any concerns or questions regarding your reproductive health.

Please contact the Health Screening Centre at your nearest Pantai Hospital for health screening appointments.

Pantai Hospital has been accredited by the Malaysian Society for Quality in Health (MSQH) for its commitment to patient safety and service quality.