High-Risk Groups for Influenza

Influenza, commonly known as the flu, is a contagious viral infection that primarily affects the respiratory system. Unlike the common cold, influenza can cause severe illness and complications, and it often leads to hospitalisations or even death in extreme cases. The flu is caused by influenza viruses, which can be classified into several types, with influenza A and B being the most common strains that circulate during flu season. It spreads easily through droplets in the air when an infected person coughs, sneezes, or talks

What are the Symptoms of Influenza?

Flu Symptoms: 

The flu can cause symptoms that range from mild to severe, including

• Fever
• Cough
• Sore throat
• Muscle aches
• Chills
• Fatigue
• Headaches

Recovery: 

Most healthy people recover in about a week or two.

• High-Risk Groups: Some people are more likely to face serious complications like pneumonia or bronchitis. It is important to protect these groups to prevent the flu from spreading and to ensure they get the care they need.

Who Is at High Risk of Getting Influenza?

Influenza poses significant risks to certain groups of people due to their unique physiological and health circumstances. Recognising these risks is crucial to preventing severe complications and safeguarding public health. Below, we explore key vulnerable populations and the specific precautions needed to protect them.

Young Children

Children, especially those under the age of 5, have developing immune systems that might be prone to combating influenza making them more susceptible to severe flu symptoms or complications. According to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), children under the age of 2 face an increased risk of hospitalisation due to flu-related issues like pneumonia. This risk is amplified in children with underlying health conditions such as asthma or heart disease.ds

Precautions:

• Annual flu vaccination is highly recommended for children.
• Parents should encourage regular hand washing and maintain good hygiene practices to limit exposure.

Elderly Adults

As people age, their immune systems weaken, reducing their ability to combat infections like influenza. Seniors aged 65 and older are at a higher risk of developing severe flu complications, including pneumonia, due to a combination of weakened immunity and pre-existing conditions such as heart disease, diabetes, or chronic lung disorders.

Precautions:

• Flu vaccines, particularly high-dose options designed for seniors, are recommended.
• Staying vigilant about managing existing health conditions can help reduce complications.

Pregnant Women

During pregnancy, physiological changes such as increased heart rate and reduced lung capacity make it harder to fight infections. Pregnant women are more likely to experience severe complications from the flu, including premature labor and low birth weight. Fortunately, flu vaccination protects both the mother and baby, as antibodies can pass through the placenta.

Precautions:

• Pregnant women should receive the flu vaccine as a priority measure during flu season.
• Maintaining regular prenatal checkups and discussing flu prevention with healthcare providers is essential.

Individuals with Chronic Health Conditions

People with chronic illnesses like asthma, COPD, diabetes, or cardiovascular disease face heightened risks from influenza. The flu can exacerbate these conditions, leading to serious complications and prolonged recovery periods.

Precautions:

• Annual flu vaccinations are a vital protective measure.
• Patients should work closely with their healthcare providers to monitor and manage their conditions.

Immunocompromised Individuals

For individuals that are with weakened immune systems—such as chemotherapy patients, organ transplant recipients, or individuals living with HIV/AIDS—the flu can lead to severe and prolonged illnesses. These individuals are also at increased risk of secondary infections.

Precautions:

• Vaccination, as recommended by a healthcare provider, is a key defense.
• Additional precautions, such as avoiding crowded places during flu season, can further reduce exposure risks.

What are the Prevention Strategies?

Annual Flu Vaccination

The flu vaccine remains the most effective way to protect against the virus. Vaccination is recommended for everyone, especially those in high-risk groups.

Good Hygiene Practices

Encourage regular handwashing, covering coughs and sneezes, and avoiding close contact with sick individuals.

Staying Home When Sick

Individuals who are experiencing flu-like symptoms should stay home to prevent spreading the virus to others.

Healthy Lifestyle Choices

Maintaining a healthy diet, regular exercise, and adequate sleep helps to keep the immune system strong.

These are some of the effective prevention strategies that prevent Influenza from spreading towards yourself and individuals that are at high risk.

Book an Appointment at Pantai Hospitals

If you think you might have symptoms of HMPV, seeking prompt medical attention is crucial to avoid complications. Book an appointment via our website today for personalised care and a tailored treatment plan or you can also download the MyHealth360 app from the Google Play Store or Apple App Store. 

Pantai Hospitals have been accredited by the Malaysian Society for Quality in Health (MSQH) for its commitment to patient safety and service quality. Do not let the condition progress.