Irregular Heartbeat?

An irregular heartbeat, also known as arrhythmia, is a condition where the heart beats too quickly, too slowly, or with an irregular rhythm. This condition can range from being harmless to potentially life-threatening, depending on its type and severity. 

What Causes an Irregular Heartbeat?

Arrhythmias, or irregular heartbeats, occur when the electrical signals that control your heart's rhythm malfunction. Here is a detailed explanation of the common triggers:

1. Blood Sugar Levels (Too Low or Too High)

   Hypoglycaemia (low blood sugar): Low glucose levels can disrupt the electrical activity of the heart, increasing the risk of arrhythmias. This is particularly dangerous for people with diabetes who may experience sudden drops in blood sugar.

   Hyperglycaemia (high blood sugar): Elevated blood sugar levels may lead to damage in blood vessels and nerves, affecting the heart’s conduction system over time.

2. Illegal Drugs, and Energy-Boosting Medicines

   Caffeine: Excessive intake can overstimulate the heart, leading to palpitations or tachycardia (fast heart rate).

   Illegal drugs: Stimulants like cocaine or amphetamines can cause severe arrhythmias, sometimes leading to sudden cardiac arrest.

   Medicines: Certain over-the-counter or prescription drugs, like decongestants or ADHD medications, can elevate heart rate or trigger arrhythmias.

3. Dehydration

   A lack of sufficient fluids in the body reduces blood volume, making the heart work harder to pump blood. This strain can disrupt its rhythm and lead to arrhythmias.

4. Low Electrolyte Levels (Potassium, Magnesium, or Calcium)

   Electrolytes are crucial for transmitting electrical signals in the heart. Deficiencies in:

   • Potassium: Can cause arrhythmias like atrial fibrillation or ventricular fibrillation.
   • Magnesium: Plays a role in stabilising heart rhythms; low levels may result in dangerous irregular beats.
   • Calcium: Imbalances can disrupt heart contractions, leading to irregular heartbeats.

5. Intense Physical Exertion

   Intense or sudden physical exertion can increase adrenaline levels, potentially leading to arrhythmias, especially in people with underlying heart conditions.

What Are the Symptoms of an Irregular Heartbeat?

The symptoms of an irregular heartbeat can vary widely. Some individuals may experience no symptoms at all, while others may feel palpitations, dizziness, chest pain, or shortness of breath.

Symptoms include:

• Palpitations: The sensation of your heart pounding or fluttering.
• Shortness of breath
• Chest pain: A feeling of tightness or discomfort in the chest.
• Dizziness or fainting: Feeling lightheaded or fainting can occur with certain types of arrhythmias.
• Fatigue: Unusual tiredness even with little exertion.

How Is an Irregular Heartbeat Diagnosed?

When an irregular heartbeat is suspected, a heart specialist or cardiothoracic surgeon will perform various diagnostic tests to determine the type of arrhythmia and its underlying cause. 

Common tests include:

• Electrocardiogram (ECG): A test that records the electrical activity of the heart.
• Holter Monitor: A portable ECG device worn for 24 to 72 hours to capture abnormal heart rhythms.
• Echocardiogram: An ultrasound of the heart to check its structure and function.
• Blood Tests: To measure electrolyte levels and thyroid function.

Early diagnosis is critical to prevent complications and manage arrhythmias effectively.

What Are the Treatments for an Irregular Heartbeat?

The treatment for an irregular heartbeat depends on the type and severity of the arrhythmia. For minor cases, lifestyle changes and medications may suffice. For severe arrhythmias, procedures like cardioversion or catheter ablation may be necessary.

1. Medications:

   You may require one or more medications to manage a slow, fast, or irregular heartbeat. In some cases, medications are combined with other treatments for better effectiveness. However, if the dosage is too high, these medications can sometimes worsen the arrhythmia, a risk that occurs more frequently in women than in men. If your symptoms worsen, consult your doctor promptly.

2. Procedures

   • Cardioversion: A procedure where external electrical shocks are used to restore a normal heartbeat.
   • Catheter Ablation: A minimally invasive procedure that destroys small areas of heart tissue responsible for the irregular rhythm.
   • Pacemaker: A device implanted to help regulate the heartbeat.
   • Implantable cardioverter defibrillators (ICDs): Detects and corrects life-threatening rhythms (e.g., ventricular fibrillation).

3. Surgery 

   In some cases, surgery may be recommended to correct structural issues in the heart that contribute to arrhythmias.

What Are the Risks and Complications of an Irregular Heartbeat?

If left untreated, irregular heartbeats can lead to serious complications, including stroke, heart failure, and sudden cardiac arrest. The risks of complications depend on the type of arrhythmia. For instance, atrial fibrillation, the most common arrhythmia, increases the risk of stroke. In severe cases, an untreated arrhythmia can cause the heart to stop, which is a medical emergency.

How Can an Irregular Heartbeat Be Prevented?

While not all causes of irregular heartbeats are preventable, adopting a healthy lifestyle can reduce the risk. Key preventive measures include:

• Eating a heart-healthy diet: A diet rich in fruits, vegetables, and whole grains can help maintain a healthy heart.
• Exercise regularly: Physical activity strengthens the heart and improves overall cardiovascular health.
• Avoiding smoking, vaping and excessive alcohol consumption
• Managing stress: Chronic stress can trigger arrhythmias, so relaxation techniques such as meditation and yoga can be beneficial.

Additionally, managing conditions like high blood pressure and diabetes can help prevent arrhythmias.

FAQs

1. Can caffeine worsen irregular heartbeats?

   Yes, caffeine can act as a stimulant, potentially increasing the risk of palpitations or triggering arrhythmias.

2. What is the role of anticoagulants in managing arrhythmias?

   Anticoagulants, or blood thinners, reduce the risk of blood clots and stroke in patients with arrhythmias like atrial fibrillation, where irregular beats can lead to clot formation.

3. What is the difference between atrial fibrillation and other types of arrhythmias?

   Atrial fibrillation (AFib) is a specific type of arrhythmia where the upper chambers of the heartbeat irregularly. Other arrhythmias, such as ventricular tachycardia or bradycardia, affect different parts of the heart and vary in severity.

4. What is the role of stress and anxiety in irregular heartbeats?

   Stress and anxiety can trigger or worsen arrhythmias. Relaxation techniques, counselling, and mindfulness practices can help reduce their impact.

Book an Appointment at Pantai Hospitals

Irregular heartbeat, or arrhythmia, can lead to serious health risks if not managed properly. If you are experiencing symptoms such as palpitations, dizziness, shortness of breath, or chest pain, it is crucial to seek medical attention without delay. Early diagnosis and treatment by a heart specialist can help prevent complications and improve your heart health.

If you are concerned about your heart's rhythm or need expert advice on managing arrhythmias, contact us to book an appointment at your nearest Pantai Hospitals to schedule a heart screening or consultation with the team of expert heart specialists at Pantai Hospitals to begin your journey towards better heart health today.

Pantai Hospitals have been accredited by the Malaysian Society for Quality in Health (MSQH) for its commitment to patient safety and service quality.