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Vaginal yeast infections are primarily caused by an overgrowth of a fungus called Candida. While Candida is normally present in small amounts in the vagina, its growth can become uncontrolled under certain conditions, leading to infection. The balance between the naturally occurring bacteria and yeast in the vagina is usually maintained, but disruptions can trigger infections.
What Are the Risk Factors for Developing Yeast Infections?
Several factors increase the risk of developing vaginal yeast infections. Recognising these risks can help in preventing the infection:
1. Antibiotic use
Antibiotics can kill both harmful and beneficial bacteria in the body, including those that help keep yeast levels under control in the vagina. When this balance is disrupted, it can lead to yeast overgrowth and infection. Individuals who take antibiotics for long periods are at greater risk.
2. Hormonal contraceptives
Hormonal fluctuations during pregnancy, while taking oral contraceptives, or during hormone replacement therapy can alter the vaginal environment and lead to yeast infections. Oestrogen, in particular, can cause changes that make the vagina more prone to Candida growth.
3. High blood sugar levels
Women with diabetes, particularly if it is poorly controlled, are at a higher risk of yeast infections.
4. Weakened immune system
Individuals with compromised immune systems, such as those with HIV/AIDS, those undergoing chemotherapy, or those on immunosuppressive drugs, are more susceptible to yeast infections.
How Can You Prevent Vaginal Yeast Infections?
While yeast infections can be uncomfortable, there are several effective ways to reduce the likelihood of developing one. Prevention strategies focus on maintaining the natural balance of bacteria and yeast in the body. Here are key approaches to prevention:
1. Maintain good hygiene
Maintaining proper vaginal hygiene is crucial to prevent yeast infections. Ensure you wipe from front to back after using the toilet to avoid transferring bacteria to the vaginal area. Avoid using scented hygiene products such as scented tampons, feminine sprays, or douches, as they can irritate the vagina and disrupt the natural bacterial balance. It is important to wash the genital area with water and mild, unscented soap only on the vulva to keep the vagina clean without disturbing its natural flora.
2. Wear breathable underwear
Wearing cotton underwear is highly recommended because it allows better air circulation and helps keep the genital area dry. Avoid wearing tight-fitting pants and synthetic fabrics that can trap moisture, which creates a warm and damp environment where yeast can thrive. Change out of wet clothing, such as swimsuits and workout gear, as soon as possible to prevent excess moisture buildup.
3. Manage blood sugar levels
For women with diabetes, controlling blood sugar levels is a critical factor in preventing yeast infections. High blood sugar levels provide more glucose for yeast to feed on, which increases the risk of infections. Regular monitoring of blood sugar and adhering to a diabetes management plan are important steps in reducing this risk.
Can Medications Prevent Yeast Infections?
If you are prone to frequent yeast infections, certain medications can be prescribed to help prevent them. Antifungal medications, such as fluconazole, may be used as a preventative measure if recommended by a healthcare professional. Long-term use of antifungal treatments should be discussed with your doctor to ensure it is safe and effective for your individual health condition.
FAQs
1. What are the symptoms of vaginal yeast infection in women?
- Intense itching and irritation in and around the vaginal opening
- Burning sensation, particularly during urination or intercourse
- Vulvar soreness or irritation
- Vulva may appear red and swollen due to inflammation
- Yeast infections often cause a thick, white, odourless discharge that resembles cottage cheese
2. How often should I get a Pap smear?
Women should typically get a Pap smear every three years starting at age 21, or more frequently if recommended by their doctor.
3. What are the common causes of irregular menstrual cycles?
Stress, hormonal imbalances, excessive exercise, thyroid issues, and polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) can all impact menstrual regularity.
4. Can birth control affect yeast infection risk?
Hormonal contraceptives may increase the risk in some women.
Book an Appointment at Pantai Hospitals
Vaginal yeast infections are common but treatable with proper care. Left untreated, they can cause persistent discomfort and other complications. If you are experiencing symptoms mentioned above, it is important to seek medical care promptly. Early diagnosis and treatment can provide quick relief and help prevent future occurrences.
If you have concerns about vaginal health, get in touch with us to book an appointment at your nearest Pantai Hospitals for expert advice and personalised treatment. To make an appointment for health screening, please contact the health screening centre at the Pantai Hospital nearest to you.
Pantai Hospitals have been accredited by the Malaysian Society for Quality in Health (MSQH) for its commitment to patient safety and service quality.
