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Typhoid fever is a severe infection caused by the bacterium Salmonella Typhi. This condition, despite being preventable and treatable, constantly poses as a public health challenge, especially in areas with poor sanitation and limited access to clean water.
At Pantai Hospitals, we provide accurate diagnostic testing, effective treatments, and preventive guidance to protect everyone from infectious diseases such as typhoid fever. Learning and knowing the signs and symptoms of this condition is important for early detection and prompt medical treatment.
What are the Early Signs of Typhoid Fever?
Typhoid fever usually develops slowly over one to three weeks following exposure. Identifying the early symptoms can make a notable difference in seeking prompt medical treatment and preventing complications.
Constant High Fever
One of the most prevalent early symptoms is a fever that frequently rises, usually hitting as high as 40°C. The fever normally comes in waves, increasing in the afternoon or evening.
Headache and Weakness
Many patients experience headaches, body aches, fatigue, and overall weakness. This is because of the body's inflammatory response to the infection.
Gastrointestinal Disturbances
Early symptoms may include loss of appetite, abdominal pain, diarrhoea, or constipation. Some people may also go through nausea or vomiting.
[H2] Dry Cough and Sore Throat
A dry cough may occur in the initial stages; it is usually mistaken for a viral flu infection.
What are the Causes of Typhoid Fever and How It Spreads
Typhoid fever is caused by consuming food or water tainted by the Salmonella Typhi bacterium. Salmonella Typhi is different from some other types of bacteria—it lives and multiplies inside the human body, making person-to-person contact a notable worry.
Contaminated Food and Water
The main source of infection is eating food or drinking beverages that have been tainted by infected faeces or urine. This normally happens in places with poor sewage treatment and limited access to clean drinking water.
Poor Hygiene Practices
A common transmission route, particularly among food handlers, is improper handwashing after going to the toilet or before preparing food.
Asymptomatic Carriers
Some people may have Salmonella Typhi without any symptoms. These carriers can unknowingly transmit the bacteria to others over long periods.
What are the Complications of Untreated Typhoid Fever?
Typhoid fever, without suitable treatment, can cause serious and fatal complications. Early intervention enormously decreases the risk of complications and consequences in the long run.
Intestinal Bleeding or Perforation
Intestinal perforation is one of the most severe complications; this is where a hole develops in the intestine’s wall. This can cause peritonitis, a fatal infection of the abdominal cavity.
Neurological Symptoms
Untreated cases may exhibit confusion, delirium, or psychosis. Rarely, brain inflammation (encephalopathy) may happen.
Carrier State
Some people may become long-term carriers, which means the bacteria stays in their body, and there is a possibility of spreading to others, even after the symptoms go away.
How Is Typhoid Fever Diagnosed and Treated?
Early diagnosis and suitable treatment are important in managing typhoid fever and avoiding complications.
Diagnosis
A physical exam will be conducted by your doctor, and blood, stool, or urine tests will also be requested to confirm the presence of Salmonella Typhi. In some cases, bone marrow culture may be carried out for a more precise diagnosis. Blood culture is the gold standard for initial diagnosis (recommended during the first week of illness). The Widal test identifies antibodies against Salmonella Typhi (O and H antigens). Rapid Diagnostic Tests (RDTs) identify antigens or antibodies (e.g., Typhidot, Tubex TF); they provide quicker results but variable accuracy.
Treatment
Antibiotic Therapy
Antibiotics are the main treatment for typhoid fever. Fluoroquinolones, third-generation cephalosporins, and azithromycin are commonly prescribed options. The type and duration depend on the seriousness of the illness.
Hydration and Nutritional Support
Patients are recommended to fully hydrate themselves and eat tiny, constant meals to avoid getting dehydrated and maintain energy levels.
Follow-Up and Prevention
Follow-up tests may be recommended after recovery to ensure the full eradication of bacteria. You can prevent getting typhoid fever through a mix of safe hygiene practices and vaccination.
Frequently Asked Questions (FAQ)
1. Is typhoid fever similar to a virus infection?
No. Typhoid fever results from a bacterial infection (Salmonella Typhi), not a virus.
2. What is the duration to recover from typhoid fever?
Many individuals who received proper treatment recover in 7 to 14 days. Recovery time may differ depending on the seriousness and response to antibiotics.
3. Can I get a typhoid vaccination?
Yes. Typhoid vaccines are accessible, and individuals travelling to or staying in high-risk areas are encouraged to take them.
4. Is typhoid fever contagious?
Yes. It can be spread from person to person through contaminated food, water, or poor hygiene practices.
5. Where in Malaysia can I get tested and treated for typhoid fever?
In Malaysia, you can get tested and treated for typhoid fever at Pantai Hospitals. Our hospitals offer modern laboratory facilities to diagnose typhoid fever precisely through blood, stool, or urine tests. If you think you have symptoms like prolonged fever, abdominal pain, or digestive issues, our experienced team of doctors and specialists is ready to offer timely and effective treatment.
Schedule an Appointment at Pantai Hospitals
Typhoid fever may begin with mild symptoms, but without prompt medical intervention, it can progress into a severe health threat. Identifying the early signs and understanding how the infection spreads is important to protecting yourself and your loved ones.
At Pantai Hospitals, we are committed to offering reliable diagnostics, safe treatments, and thorough follow-ups for typhoid fever and other infectious diseases. Our healthcare team is equipped with the tools and experience needed to help you from diagnosis to full recovery.
Schedule your appointment today and begin your journey toward better health. Our team is here to help you in every step of the way. You can also book an appointment via our website or download our MyHealth360 application, which can be obtained from Google Play Store or Apple App Store.
Pantai Hospitals have been accredited by the Malaysian Society for Quality in Health (MSQH) for its commitment to patient safety and service quality.
