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Miscarriage is a common yet emotionally challenging experience, affecting many couples during their fertility journey. While not all miscarriages can be prevented, understanding their causes and risk factors can empower individuals to take proactive steps toward a healthier life.
What Is a Miscarriage?
A miscarriage refers to the spontaneous loss of a pregnancy before the 20th week. It often occurs during the first trimester and may happen before a woman even realises she is pregnant.
Types of Miscarriage
- Threatened Miscarriage
Bleeding occurs, but the cervix remains closed and the pregnancy may continue. - Incomplete Miscarriage
Some pregnancy tissue passes, but medical treatment may be needed to remove the rest. - Complete Miscarriage
All pregnancy tissue is expelled, and the uterus is empty.
What Can Cause a Miscarriage?
While miscarriages can happen for reasons beyond one’s control, several contributing factors are known.
Chromosomal Abnormalities
Most first-trimester miscarriages are caused by irregularities in the embryo’s genetic material.
Maternal Health Conditions
Diseases such as diabetes, thyroid imbalances, or autoimmune disorders increase miscarriage risk.
Uterine and Cervical Abnormalities
Structural problems like a septate uterus or an incompetent cervix can lead to early pregnancy loss.
Infections
Syphilis, parvovirus B19, Zika virus, and cytomegalovirus infections can interfere with foetal development.
Lifestyle Factors
Smoking, alcohol use, substance abuse, and excessive caffeine intake are all known risks.
Maternal Age
Women over 35 have an increased risk due to declining egg quality and hormonal changes.
Previous Miscarriages
Having experienced miscarriage before raises the likelihood of future early pregnancy loss.
How to Prevent a Miscarriage: Proactive Steps
Although not all miscarriages are preventable, the risk can be significantly reduced through a combination of healthy lifestyle choices, proper medical care, and early intervention. Here is a structured guide to lowering your risk and supporting a healthy pregnancy.
Healthy Lifestyle Habits
- Avoid Smoking
Eliminating tobacco use improves oxygen supply to the uterus and supports healthy fetal development. - Avoid Alcohol and Recreational Drugs
These substances increase the risk of miscarriage and can harm the developing baby. - Maintain a Healthy Weight
Being underweight or overweight can lead to hormonal imbalances and increase pregnancy complications. - Eat a Balanced Diet
Focus on nutrient-rich foods like fruits, vegetables, whole grains, and lean proteins to support maternal health and fetal growth. - Limit Caffeine Intake
Keep caffeine consumption below 200 mg per day to reduce miscarriage risk.
Prenatal and Medical Care
- Get Regular Prenatal Check-Ups
Consistent visits help detect and manage complications early in pregnancy. - Follow Medical Advice
Adhere to your doctor’s recommendations, including managing existing conditions and taking prescribed medications. - Take Folic Acid
Daily folic acid supplementation helps prevent neural tube defects and supports early fetal development.
Infection Prevention
- Avoid High-Risk Foods
Avoid raw or undercooked meats, unpasteurised dairy, and foods prone to contamination. - Practise Good Hygiene
Regular handwashing and avoiding contact with sick individuals can reduce your risk of infection. - Stay Up to Date with Vaccinations
Protect yourself and your baby by ensuring you're vaccinated.
Managing Underlying Health Conditions
- Control Diabetes and High Blood Pressure
Effective management of these conditions before and during pregnancy reduces miscarriage risk. - Treat Thyroid Disorders
Both overactive and underactive thyroids can interfere with a healthy pregnancy if left unmanaged.
Stress Reduction and Emotional Support
- Practise Relaxation Techniques
Incorporate yoga, meditation, or breathing exercises into your daily routine to reduce stress. - Maintain a Strong Support System
Lean on family, friends, or support groups to help manage emotional challenges and reduce anxiety.
What to Do After a Miscarriage: Recovery and Support
Protect yourself and your baby by ensuring you're vaccinated. Understanding the next steps can aid recovery and future planning (Kaushal, 2023).
Medical Care and Follow-Up
- Seek doctor’s advice
A follow-up ensures your body is recovering well and rules out complications.
Emotional Support
- Counselling
Professional therapy can help manage grief, guilt, and anxiety. - Join a Support Group
Connecting with others who have walked a similar path can gently ease the weight of grief.
Planning Future Pregnancies
- Timing the Next Attempt
The World Health Organisation (WHO) recommends waiting at least six months before trying to conceive again, allowing your body and mind time to heal and prepare for a healthy pregnancy. - Fertility Support
Couples with recurrent losses may benefit from fertility assessments and assisted reproduction. - Lifestyle Adjustments
Continue healthy practices even before conceiving again to prepare your body.
Frequently Asked Questions about Miscarriage (FAQ)
1. Can I have a healthy pregnancy after a miscarriage?
Yes. The majority of women who experience a miscarriage go on to have healthy pregnancies with proper care.
2. Are most miscarriages caused by lifestyle factors?
No. While lifestyle choices can contribute, many miscarriages are due to unavoidable genetic issues.
3. Where can I get support after a miscarriage in Malaysia?
Pantai Hospitals offers counselling, fertility services, and women’s health support under one compassionate, experienced team.
Book an Appointment at Pantai Hospitals
Miscarriage is a deeply personal and often misunderstood experience that affects both physical and emotional health. While it may not always be preventable, informed decisions, and compassionate guidance can make a significant difference.
With advanced diagnostics, expert counselling, and a compassionate approach, we aim to help you take the next step toward parenthood with hope and resilience.
Do not wait—book your appointment today and start your journey toward better health. Our team is here to support you every step of the way. You may also book an appointment via our website or download the MyHealth360 application from the Google Play Store or Apple App Store.
Pantai Hospitals have been accredited by the Malaysian Society for Quality in Health (MSQH) for its commitment to patient safety and service quality.
