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Cancer, one of the most significant health challenges worldwide, remains a leading cause of death, with nearly 10 million lives lost in 2022 alone. Despite advancements in treatment, addressing the risk factors that contribute to cancer and adopting preventive measures are critical in reducing its occurrence and recurrence.
Let’s explores the risk factors associated with cancer and practical lifestyle changes that can help minimise these risks health and well-being. By understanding and addressing these factors, we can work toward not only preventing cancer but also improving outcomes for survivors.
Risks that may predispose a patient to cancer:
Smoking is the leading preventable cause of cancer, increasing the risk of at least 15 types, including lung, cervical, laryngeal, and esophageal cancers. Quitting smoking significantly reduces these risks over time.
Research has shown that overweight and lack of physical activity are linked to an increased risk to at least 13 different types of cancers such as colorectal, breast (postmenopausal), and pancreatic cancers. Maintaining a healthy weight through regular exercise and a balanced diet is essential for prevention.
Excessive alcohol intake is associated with cancers of the mouth, throat, liver, and colon. Moderating alcohol consumption or avoiding it entirely can lower these risks.
4.7 % of cancer diagnoses are a result of exposure to ultraviolet light from the sun or tanning devices. Study has shown that using sunscreen with SPF 30 or higher may be able to block 97% of UVB sun rays and hence reduce risk of developing skin cancers.
Diets high in processed foods, red meats, and sugars can contribute to weight gain and increase cancer risk. Opting for a diet rich in fruits, vegetables, and whole grains is a healthier alternative.
Infections like Hepatitis B and C, Human Papillomavirus (HPV), and H. pylori have been linked to certain cancers. Vaccinations and early treatment of infections can mitigate these risks.
Ways to Reduce Risk of Recurrence
After completion of cancer treatment, many people decide to eat healthier in the hope that these changes will improve their chances of survival. Here are some guides on steps that you can take to reduce the risk of recurrence.
The American Cancer Society recommends that cancer survivors follow the same nutrition guidelines recommended in cancer prevention. It is thought that the same factors that increase the risk of cancers may also increase the rates of recurrence.
What can you do?
- Eat a diet rich in vegetables, fruits, whole grains and beans
- Limit or reduce consumption of highly processed foods/sugars as they contribute to weight gain
- Limit or reduce consumption of alcoholic beverages
Regular exercise not only improves overall well-being and boost self-esteem, but also lowers the risk of cancer recurrence by maintaining a healthy BMI.
There is a generalised thinking among our population that consumption of certain vitamins, herbs or other traditional and dietary supplements will keep cancer at bay. There is no available supporting this at the moment. In fact, there is evidence that has shown some supplements with a high level of a single nutrient may have a deleterious effect on cancer survivors. It's best to derive nutrients from whole foods.
Protect your skin from harmful UV rays by applying sunscreen and monitoring changes in moles or skin conditions.
Early detection is crucial for successful treatment. Regular screenings like colonoscopies, cervical smears and/or mammograms can help identify potential issues before they escalate.
By understanding these risk factors and making proactive lifestyle changes, we can work toward reducing the burden of cancer on individuals and their families. Together, let's take steps to beat the Big C and build healthier, cancer-free lives.
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