What Causes High Cholesterol?

High cholesterol or hypercholesterolemia is a health concern affecting millions worldwide. It is essential to understand what cholesterol is, why it matters, and what causes high cholesterol. 

In this comprehensive guide, we will delve into the intricacies of cholesterol, its types, and the factors contributing to elevated cholesterol levels. Moreover, we will also discuss the symptoms, normal cholesterol levels, causes, risk factors, and, most importantly, how to lower cholesterol effectively.

What is cholesterol?

Cholesterol is a waxy, fat-like substance found in every cell, serving vital functions in producing hormones and Vitamin D and aiding digestion. However, when cholesterol levels in one’s blood become too high, it may lead to health problems. It often gets a bad rap in health discussions, but it is a crucial component of our body. 

LDL cholesterol or Low-Density Lipoprotein isoften referred to as the “bad” cholesterol as high levels of LDL can lead to plaque buildup in arteries.

HDL Cholesterol or High-Density Lipoprotein is known as the “good” cholesterol as high levels of HDL can reduce the risk of heart disease.

High levels of triglycerides can lead to cholesterol buildup in your body.

What are desirable cholesterol levels?

Before we delve into the causes of high cholesterol, it is crucial to understand what “normal” or desirable cholesterol levels look like. The values can vary depending on your age, sex, and overall health, but typically, normal cholesterol levels are as follows:

• Desirable HDL cholesterol level: Above 1.55 mmol/L or 60 mg/dL
• Desirable LDL cholesterol level: Less than 2.59 mmol/L or 100 mg/dL
• Desirable total cholesterol level: Less than 5.17 mmol/L or 200 mg/dL

What are the symptoms of high cholesterol?

High cholesterol typically does not manifest with noticeable symptoms. It is often referred to as a “silent” condition. However, high cholesterol may significantly augment the risk of conditions like high blood pressure and stroke.

The only way to detect high cholesterol is through blood tests. Therefore, regular cholesterol screenings are crucial for early detection and prevention.

What are the causes of high cholesterol?

Family history or genetics

Heredity plays a significant role in cholesterol levels. If your parents or grandparents had high levels of cholesterol, you may be genetically predisposed to it. This condition is known as familial hypercholesterolemia and can result in exceptionally high LDL cholesterol levels.

Dietary choices

The food we consume has a direct impact on our cholesterol levels. Diets high in saturated and trans fats, commonly found in fast food, fried items, and processed snacks, can raise LDL cholesterol.

Foods that may cause high cholesterol include:

• Saturated fats: Red meat, full-fat dairy products, whole milk, butter and tropical oils like coconut and palm oil.
• Trans fats: Margarine, fried foods, baked goods such as pies, biscuits and crackers.

Read more: Dietary Guidelines to Lower Cholesterol

Health conditions

Type 2 diabetes, obesity, familial hypercholesterolemia.

Lifestyle factors

• Smoking: Smoking incrementally damages your lungs and lowers your HDL (good) cholesterol. It also increases the risk of atherosclerosis and heart disease.
• Sedentary lifestyle or lack of physical activity: Leading a sedentary lifestyle can contribute to high cholesterol levels. Regular physical activity may help raise HDL cholesterol and considerably lower LDL cholesterol.
• Excessive alcohol consumption: Excessive alcohol consumption may lead to high cholesterol. While some studies suggest moderate alcohol intake may have cardiovascular benefits, excessive drinking may be harmful.
• Stress: Chronic stress may indirectly affect one’s cholesterol levels as it may lead to unhealthy lifestyle choices, for instance, overeating or consuming comfort foods high in cholesterol-raising fats.

How to lower cholesterol?

Now that we have explored the various causes and risk factors for high cholesterol, let's focus on how to lower it. Here are a few pointers:

• Adopt a heart-healthy diet: Incorporate more fruits, vegetables, whole grains, and lean proteins.
• Reduce saturated and trans fats: Limit the intake of red meat, full-fat dairy, and processed foods.
• Increase fibre consumption: Foods like oats, beans, and lentils can help lower LDL cholesterol.
• Exercise regularly: Aim for a minimum of 150 minutes of exercise per week.
• Quit smoking: Smoking cessation can improve cholesterol levels.
• Limit alcohol intake: If you drink, do so in moderation. 
• Manage stress: Explore stress-reduction techniques such as meditation or yoga.
• Medication: In some cases, medications such as statins may be prescribed to manage high cholesterol.

Make an appointment at Pantai Hospitals

High cholesterol poses a significant risk for cardiovascular diseases such as heart attacks and strokes, impacting numerous individuals. Fortunately, with awareness and proactive steps, you can manage it effectively. 

By understanding the causes, risk factors, and lifestyle changes needed to lower cholesterol, you can take control of your heart health. So, regular medical check-ups, a balanced diet, and an active lifestyle are your allies in maintaining healthy cholesterol levels.

Get in touch with us to book an appointment today for a health screening test to check your cholesterol levels, or find out more about our Health Screening Packages at your nearest Pantai Hospital.

Pantai Hospitals have been accredited by the Malaysian Society for Quality in Health (MSQH) for its commitment to patient safety and service quality.