Colonoscopy
A colonoscopy is a medical procedure used to examine the inside of your large intestine, including the colon, anus, and rectum. It is performed to identify any abnormalities or changes, such as polyps or cancer. Colonoscopy is considered the gold-standard screening tool for detecting colorectal cancer, as it allows for the early identification and removal of polyps, which can prevent the development of cancer.
How it Works
Before the procedure starts, you will receive sedation or anaesthesia through an IV. During a colonoscopy, a colorectal surgeon uses a long, flexible tube called a colonoscope. This tool lets them insert air, or water into your colon and includes a light and camera for a clear view inside your colon and rectum. The procedure, which lasts 30 to 60 minutes, helps identify inflamed tissue, abnormal growths, and ulcers. Afterward, you will spend about an hour recovering from the sedative effects. Since it can take up to a day for the sedative to completely wear off, you'll need someone to take you home.
Benefits
- Early Detection: Colonoscopies can detect colorectal cancer early when it is most treatable.
- Polyp Removal: During the procedure, polyps that could develop into cancer can be removed.
- Accurate Screening: Colonoscopy is the most comprehensive method for examining the colon and rectum
Screening Recommendations
- Average Risk: Begin regular screenings at age 45 and continue every 10 years if no abnormalities are found.
- Increased Risk: Those with a family history of colorectal cancer, personal history of polyps, or certain genetic conditions may need earlier and more frequent screenings.
Alternative Screening Methods
- Stool Tests: Tests like the faecal immunochemical test (FIT) and stool DNA test can detect signs of cancer from a stool sample.
Chemotherapy
Chemotherapy uses drugs to kill or slow the growth of cancer cells. It can be administered systemically (through the bloodstream) to target cancer cells throughout the body. Chemotherapy is used in various cancers, either as the primary treatment or in combination with other therapies, such as with surgery or radiotherapy.
