What is Nasopharyngeal Cancer (NPC)?

Nasopharyngeal Cancer (NPC) is a rare type of cancer that occurs in the nasopharynx, the upper part of the throat behind the nose. While it is uncommon globally, it is more prevalent in Southeast Asia, making it a regional health concern. Early detection is vital for effective treatment and improved outcomes.

Types of NPC

NPC is generally categorised based on its histological type:

• Keratinizing Squamous Cell Carcinoma (KSCC): Less common and typically associated with smoking.
• Non-Keratinizing Carcinoma (NKC): More common in Southeast Asia and strongly linked to the Epstein-Barr virus (EBV).
• Basaloid Squamous Cell Carcinoma (BSCC): A rare and aggressive subtype.

Risk Factors

Certain factors increase your risk of developing NPC. These include:

• Genetics: A family history of NPC.
• Diet: Frequent consumption of preserved or salted foods.
• Lifestyle: Long-term exposure to chemicals or smoke.
• Viruses: A strong link exists between NPC and the Epstein-Barr virus (EBV).

Symptoms of NPC

NPC symptoms often resemble common illnesses but require attention when persistent. Key symptoms include:

• Persistent nasal congestion.
• Persistent Nosebleeds or unusual nasal discharge.
• Difficulty hearing or a constant ringing in the ears.
• Unexplained lumps or swelling in the neck.

NPC diagnosis involves:

• Medical History and Physical Examination: Assessing symptoms and risk factors.
• Nasopharyngoscopy: Using a camera to view the nasopharynx.
• Biopsy: Collecting tissue samples to confirm cancer.
• Imaging Tests: CT scans, MRIs, or PET scans to determine the extent and stage.

Treatment for NPC

Treatment options for nasopharyngeal cancer depend on various factors, including the type and stage of cancer, the patient's overall health, and preferences. Common treatments include radiation therapy, chemotherapy, and in some cases, surgery.

Prevention of NPC

While some risk factors cannot be avoided, the following steps can reduce the risk of NPC:

• Avoid Smoking: Steer clear of smoking and secondhand smoke.
• Healthy Diet: Limit consumption of preserved or salted foods.
• Regular Screenings: Essential for individuals with a family history or high-risk factors.
• Infection Control: Reduce exposure to the Epstein-Barr virus (EBV).