Dermatology - Skin, Hair, & Nails
Dermatology is a field that specialises in the treatment of the skin, hair, and nails. Being the largest and heaviest organ, the skin serves a variety of functions including being the first line of defence against infectious agents, protecting your internal organs, regulating your body temperature, and even indicating how well your health is.
A dermatologist is a doctor trained in the diagnosis and management of dermatological conditions including cosmetic ones. On the other hand, a beautician is not a medical professional, and their role is to help improve the appearance of your skin using nonmedical procedures like exfoliation, suggesting skin care products, and using makeup to conceal scarring. Unlike a dermatologist, a beautician cannot diagnose skin conditions nor prescribe medications.
The health of your skin, hair, and nails can be affected by factors like sun exposure, hormones, genetics, and other existing internal disorders. Dermatological conditions can range from cosmetic issues like scarring and hair loss to a more serious underlying issue like diabetes and heart disease.
Therefore, it is important for you to be able to recognise abnormal dermatological conditions and consult a skin specialist so that you can receive early intervention. Symptoms of skin diseases or skin problems may appear as rashes, hives, abnormal or irregularly shaped moles, infections, warts, persistent skin irritation, nail disorders, or hair loss.
- Acne, e.g., fungal acne (pityrosporum folliculitis), cystic acne, hormonal acne, nodular acne
- Skin cancer, e.g., basal cell carcinoma, squamous cell carcinoma, melanoma, dermatofibrosarcoma protuberans, Merkel cell carcinoma, sebaceous carcinoma, Kaposi sarcoma
- Blistering disorders, e.g., bullous pemphigoid, dermatitis herpetiformis, pemphigus vulgaris, epidermolysis bullosa, epidermolysis bullosa acquisita, mucous membrane pemphigoid, pemphigoid gestationis, linear immunoglobulin A disease, pemphigus foliaceous, Stevens-Johnson syndrome
- Itching, which can be caused by nerve damage (brachioradial pruritus), ageing (senile pruritus), nighttime (nocturnal pruritus), renal disease (uremic pruritus), or occur around the anus (pruritus ani)
- Scarring, e.g., stretch marks, keloids, flat scars, raised scars, contracture scars, depressed scars
- Infections, e.g., cellulitis, folliculitis, pitter keratolysis, erythrasma, trichomycosis
- Dermatitis, e.g., eczema (atopic dermatitis), contact dermatitis, diaper rash, seborrheic dermatitis (dandruff, cradle cap), neurodermatitis, perioral dermatitis
- Inflammatory conditions, e.g., rosacea, pityriasis rosea, keratosis pilaris, erythema nodosum, hidradenitis suppurativa
- Autoimmune diseases, e.g., psoriasis, dermatitis herpetiformis, scleroderma, morphea, vasculitis, lupus, dermatomyositis, Sjögren’s syndrome
- Pigmentation disorders, e.g., birthmarks, haemangiomas, port wine stains, vitiligo, melasma, albinism, moles
- Sun-related disorders, e.g., solar keratosis, sun allergy
- Nail conditions, e.g., onchomycosis (nail fungus), nail psoriasis, onychoschizia (brittle, splitting nails), onychogryphosis (thick, opaque nails also known as Ram’s horn nails), onycholysis (nail separation), paronychia (nail infection), ingrown toenails
- Hair conditions, e.g, hair loss, alopecia, dandruff, folliculitis, hirsutism, ingrown hair
- Mucous membrane conditions, e.g., canker sores, burning mouth syndrome, leukoplakia
Dermatologists use a combination of medical and surgical techniques, including prescription medications, topical treatments, and procedures such as laser therapy to help patients achieve healthy skin.
- Electrosurgery
- Cryosurgery
- Laser surgery
- Excision surgery
- Mohs surgery
- Sclerotherapy
- UV light therapy
- Mole removal
- Laser hair removal
- Skin cyst removal
- Tattoo removal
- Scar revision
- Vein treatment
- Botox injections
- Face-lifts
- Facial filles
- Dermabrasion
- Chemical peel