Gluten Intolerance: Foods to Avoid

What is gluten?

The last few decades have seen wheat gluten getting more and more attention. Gluten is a blend of specific proteins found mainly in wheat and also in barley, rye, and oats, and in some prepared foods such as pasta, cakes, bread, and breakfast cereals.

The gluten protein, specifically from wheat, consists of two main components: glutenin and gliadin. The gliadin component often triggers adverse reactions in those with gluten intolerance.

What is gluten intolerance?

The phrase “gluten intolerance” can mean three different types of health issues in people:

• An autoimmune condition called celiac disease (CD).
• A wheat allergy.
• A sensitivity to gluten in those who do not have celiac disease (NCGS). 

Gluten intolerance, or ‘non-celiac gluten sensitivity,’ is an allergic response. It refers to a condition where individuals experience intestinal and sometimes additional symptoms after consuming gluten-containing grains.

However, these individuals do not have celiac disease or a wheat allergy. Their symptoms typically improve when they eliminate gluten from their diet. Unlike celiac disease, gluten sensitivity does not cause long-term damage to the small intestine.

What are the causes?

More research is needed to fully understand why some people develop gluten intolerance. Several factors have been identified that may contribute to this condition:

• Genetic predisposition
• Gut health
• Presence of specific proteins in gluten 

What are the symptoms?

The signs of gluten intolerance involve a mix of symptoms, which may include:

• Abdominal discomfort
• Bloating
• Irregular bowel patterns (either diarrhoea or constipation)
• Weight loss
• Headaches
• Joint and muscle discomfort
• Tingling in the legs or arms
• Eczema or rash 
• Brain fog
• Anaemia

How is gluten intolerance diagnosed?

Gluten sensitivity diagnosis primarily involves a process of elimination and careful monitoring:

• Rule out celiac disease and wheat allergy: Tests for celiac disease include blood tests for specific antibodies and a biopsy of the small intestine. Wheat allergy is tested through blood tests for specific IgE antibodies.
• Exclude other conditions: Conditions that might present with similar symptoms, such as irritable bowel syndrome or lactose intolerance, should also be considered and ruled out.
• Elimination diet: This involves removing gluten-containing foods from your diet for a period, typically several weeks, to observe if symptoms improve.
• Open challenge: After the elimination phase, gluten is gradually reintroduced under medical supervision to determine if symptoms return, confirming sensitivity to gluten.

How is it treated and managed?

The primary treatment for gluten intolerance is the same for celiac disease. When managing gluten intolerance, it is essential to adopt a gluten-free diet and avoid foods containing gluten.

Common foods to steer clear of include:

• Bread and baked goods made from wheat, barley, or rye flours.
• Pasta and noodles unless specifically labelled gluten-free.
• Cereals that contain wheat, barley, or malt.
• Processed foods like soups, sauces, or dressings that may contain hidden gluten.
• Beer and other malt-based beverages.

Always check food labels and opt for naturally gluten-free grains and starches in the diet, such as rice, quinoa, corn, potatoes, and gluten-free oats.

Ensure the diet is rich in fruits, vegetables, lean proteins, and gluten-free whole grains to maintain nutritional balance and prevent deficiencies. If nutrient deficiencies are suspected (e.g., iron, B vitamins), consider supplements under the guidance of a doctor.

It is important to note that how the body responds to gluten varies significantly among individuals, so there is no one-size-fits-all outcome. Therefore, regular check-ups with a doctor can help monitor the overall health and ensure the diet is effective in managing symptoms.

Make an appointment at Pantai Hospitals

Consult our doctors if you are experiencing symptoms of gluten intolerance. A dedicated and expert team of Gastroenterologists at Pantai Hospitals is available for consultation to provide the best care and assistance.

Get in touch with us to book an appointment today if you have concerns or questions regarding gluten intolerance. We assure you the best possible care tailored to your specific needs.

Pantai Hospitals have been accredited by the Malaysian Society for Quality in Health (MSQH) for its commitment to patient safety and service quality.