Colorectal Surgery (Colon & Rectum)

1. Colorectal cancer
   1. Cancer that develops in the colon or rectum, usually starting as benign polyps.
2. Inflammatory bowel disease
   1. Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis
   2. Chronic conditions causing inflammation of the digestive tract, leading to symptoms like abdominal pain, diarrhoea, and weight loss.
3. Diverticulosis and diverticulitis
   1. Formation of abnormal pouches in the colon wall and inflammation or infection of said pouches (diverticula) that can form in the walls of the colon
4. Haemorrhoids
   1. Swollen veins in the rectum or anus causing discomfort and bleeding.
5. Anal fissures
   1. Tears or cracks in the lining of the anus, often causing pain and bleeding.
6. Anal abscesses
   1. Pockets of pus that can form in the anal region due to infection.
7. Anal fistulas
   1. Abnormal connections or tunnels between the anal canal and the skin.
8. Rectal prolapse
   1. The rectum protrudes outside the anus, sometimes causing discomfort or leakage.
9. Bowel obstruction
   1. Partial or complete blockage preventing the normal movement of stool through the intestines.
10. Polyps in the colon or rectum
    1. Abnormal growths that can turn cancerous if not removed.
11. Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS)
    1. A functional gastrointestinal disorder characterized by abdominal pain and changes in bowel habits.
12. Gastrointestinal bleeding
    1. Bleeding that occurs anywhere in the digestive tract, often causing symptoms like bloody stools.
13. Anal warts
    1. Growth of small, flesh-coloured or pink lumps caused by the human papillomavirus (HPV).
14. Anal dysplasia
    1. Abnormal cells in the lining of the anus that may progress to cancer.
15. Anal cancer
    1. Cancer that develops in the tissues of the anus.
16. Rectal cancer
    1. Cancer that starts in the rectum, the lower part of the colon.
17. Colon cancer
    1. Cancer that develops in the colon, the longest part of the large intestine.
18. Perianal infections - Infections around the anal region, which can include abscesses or cellulitis.
19. Anorectal abscesses
    1. Collection of pus under the skin within the anus and rectum area.
20. Ischemia
    1. Lack of blood flow to parts of the body, in this case within the digestive tract.
21. Functional bowel disorders
    1. Faecal incontinence - Inability to control bowel movements, leading to accidental leakage.
    2. Chronic constipation – Difficulty in passing stools regularly, often associated with hard or dry stool.

Typically, in an appointment, our colorectal surgeons consult and examine you to further understand your conditions and devise your individual treatment and management plan in tackling the condition. Some diagnostic tests you may be put under during this are such as stool tests, blood tests, and visual examination including:

1. Colonoscopy
2. Digital rectal exam (DRE)
3. Anoscopy (examination of the anal canal and rectum)
4. Proctoscopy (rigid sigmoidoscopy)
5. Flexible sigmoidoscopy
6. Imaging studies
   1. Computed tomography (CT) colonography
   2. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)
   3. Barium enema followed by x-ray imaging
   4. Defecography (radiology test to observe you muscles and organs during defecation)
7. Endorectal ultrasound
8. Anorectal manometry (non-invasive procedure to evaluate rectal and anal muscle’s function)

At Pantai Hospital Kuala Lumpur, our colorectal surgeons, who are specially trained in colorectal conditions, practice various endoscopic and surgical techniques for your GI tract complications, employing advanced techniques to restore optimal gastrointestinal function.